SOIL WETTING PATTERN OF SANDY LOAM SOIL IN RESPONSE TO DRIP IRRIGATION RUNNING TIME

Donatus Obiajulu Onwuegbunam, Emmanuel Zakka, Nancy Esohe Onwuegbunam, Cecelia Danbaki, Williams Bolaji

Abstract


The wetting pattern of in-situ soil of sandy loam texture was evaluated under drip irrigation system with respect to the wetted diameter and depth in two locations. The drippers were run at the system’s predetermined maximum emitter discharge rate of 6.994 x 10-4 ls-1, with emission uniformity and optimum operating pressure of 95% and 172 KPa, respectively. The observed wetted diameter ranged between 19.2 cm and 22.8 cm at the National livestock project site, and 15.3 cm to 22.7 cm at the College of Forestry Mechanization research field within 15 to 75 minutes of irrigation. The observed values were compared with predicted values obtained from an existing model by means of correlation coefficient, agreement index and confidence index. The correlation coefficients showed a very high correlation (r = 0.70 – 0.90) for the observed and predicted wetted diameters and wetted depths at both sites. However, further analysis using the confidence index showed that there was bad correlation (c < 0.51) between the observed and predicted wetted diameters at both sites. The correlation between observed and predicted wetted depths at both sites showed excellent performance based on confidence index (c > 0.85). The study serves as a guide for irrigation scheduling under drip irrigation system as the root depth of the crop must at least be within the wetted volume (depth and area) of the soil. The study can be repeated with agricultural soils of other textures.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al-Qinna, M.I. and Abu-Awwad, A.M. (2001). Wetting patterns under trickle source in arid soils with surface crust. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 80(3): 301-305

Barbour K.M., Oguntoyibo J.S., Onyemelukwe J.O.C. and Nwafor J.C. (2002). Nigeria in Maps. Hodder and Stoughton Publishers, London, Pp. 24

Barreto C.V.G., Sakai E., Pires R.C.M. and Arruda F.B. (2008). Wet bulb evaluation technique using multiple slices on soil pits. Irriga., Botucatu, 13(2): 160-169

Battam M.A., Sutton B.G. and Boughton D.G. (2003). Soil pits as a simple design aid for subsurface drip irrigation systems. Irrigation Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 22(3):135-141

Brady N.C. and Weil R.R. (2010). Elements of the nature and properties of soil 3rd Ed., Pearson Ed. Int., N.J., p. 147

Brouwer C., Prins K., Kay M. and Heibloem M. (1986). Irrigation Water Management: Irrigation Methods. Training Manual No.3. Prov. Ed. (http://www.fao.org/3/s2022e/s2022e00.htm)

Camargo A.D. and Sentelhas P.C. (1997). Evaluation of the performance of different methods of estimation of potential evapotranspiration in the State of Sao Paulo Brazil. Rev Bras de Agrom, 5: 89-97, 1997

Drip Depot (2013). Drip irrigation quick start guide, Pp. 1 – 32 (www.dripdepot.com)

Keller J. and Bliesner R.D. (1990). Sprinkler and trickle irrigation. Avi Book Pub. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 651 pp.

Keller and Karmeli (1974). Trickle irrigation design parameters. Transactions of ASAE, 17: 678-684

Lanini S., Courtois N., Giraud F., Petit V. and Rinaudo J.D. (2004). Socio-hydrosystem modelling for integrated water resource s management: the He’rault catchment case study, Southern France. Environ. Model Softw. 19:1011-1019

Moncef H., Daghari H., Balti J. and Maalej M. (2002). Approach for predicting the wetting front depth beneath a surface point source: theory and numerical aspect. Irrig. Drain., 51:347- 360.

Nafchi R.F., Mosavi F. and Parvanak K. (2011). Experimental study of shape and volume of wetted soil in trickle irrigation method. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(2): 458-466

OCDE (2015). Water: fit to finance? Catalyzing national growth through investment in water security.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Marseille, 2015.

Onwuegbunam D.O., Onwuegbunam N.E., Oiganji E. and Saifullah A. (2019). Emission uniformity and gasoline pump fuel use of a pressurized drip irrigation system as affected by operating pressure, lateral run length and irrigation running time. PAT Journal 15(1) 84-93

Revol P.H., Clothier B.E., Vachaud G. and Thony J.L. (1991). Predicting the field characteristics of trickle irrigation. Soil Technology, 4:125-143

Schwartzman M. and Zur B. (1986). Emitter spacing and geometry of wetted soil volume. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., ASCE, 112(3): 242-253

Sharma R.K. and Sharma T.K. (2004). Irrigation Engineering, 2nd Ed. Pp.5-16

Singh D.K., Rajput T.B.S., Singh D.K., Sikarwar H.S., Sahoo R.N. and Ahmad T. (2006). Simulation of soil wetting pattern with subsurface drip irrigation from line source. Agric. Water Management. 83(1&2): 130-134

Thabet, M. and Zayani, K.(2008).Wetting pattern under trickle source in a loamy sand soil of South Tunisia. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 3(1): 38-42.

Zur B. (1996). Wetted soil volume as a design objective in trickle irrigation. Irrig. Sci., 16: 101- 105.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


FEDERAL UNIVERSITY DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA STATE - Copyright 2020